No single site dominates AI citations—Reddit leads at just 3.49%. Prompt type drives citations more than domain. Blog/content makes up 53.46% of all citations, far ahead of news (14.09%) and social (8.71%). Owned content appears in ~40% of brand awareness queries. Earned media accounts Read more

Overall, about 3% of all news citations came from publishers with confirmed OpenAI or Google data partnerships. Less than 1% of citations from Gemini, AI Mode, and AI Overviews came from Google’s confirmed partner, the Associated Press. 28.5% of ChatGPT news citations came from OpenAI partners, Read more

Around 75% of sites blocking OpenAI or Google AI bots still appeared in AI citations. Roughly 95% of the cited pages blocked GPTBot or Google-Extended, the bots used for model training. About 70% of ChatGPT citations came from sites blocking ChatGPT-User or OAI-SearchBot, which power live Read more

News publications account for 14% of AI citations in the study. Citations from news publications primarily come from decision-making prompts. (18%) True news content beats out affiliate-driven news content in AI citations. Syndication (6%) and newswires (0.21%) deliver minimal AI visibility. Read more

Most Americans do not rely on AI for news, with roughly 60% saying they never or rarely get news from AI. AI has not replaced traditional news habits, as user behavior is shifting more toward social. 71.7% of Americans who use AI for news have seen it produce false information. Only 7.1% Read more

OpenAI partners broadly, but partnerships don’t guarantee ChatGPT citations. Google uses very little licensed news data for LLM training beyond Associated Press. Perplexity signs the most publishers, and gets blocked the most. Microsoft’s deals mainly support Copilot. Meta mixes licensed Read more

79% of top news sites block AI training bots via robots.txt. Google-Extended is the least blocked among training bots. 71% of sites also block AI retrieval bots. PerplexityBot, used for indexing, is blocked by 67%. Only 14% of publishers block all AI bots, while 18% don’t block any. Read more

AI Mode finds valid journalist emails only ~44% of the time, with ~69% of those verified as deliverable. AI's email guesses based on pattern matching are often incorrect due to journalist turnover and media brand ownership. AI Mode pulls from public sources like PDFs, social posts, and websites, Read more

Reddit and Wikipedia dominate ChatGPT visibility across nearly all major datasets analyzed. Forbes, TechRadar, and Business Insider consistently appear, suggesting strong domain authority and topical relevance. OpenAI data partnerships don’t guarantee increased visibility in ChatGPT outputs. Read more